Who is a suitable candidate for penile reconstruction?

A suitable candidate for penile reconstruction is someone who:

• Is in good overall health and has realistic expectations about the surgery.
• Has a stable mental state and is able to follow post-operative instructions.
• Is not actively using tobacco or drugs.
• Has a condition that can be treated with penile reconstruction, such as:
  • Congenital penile deformities, such as micropenis or chordee
  • Acquired penile deformities, such as those caused by injury or cancer surgery
  • Severe erectile dysfunction that has not responded to other treatments

Some specific examples of conditions that may be treated with penile reconstruction include:

• Penile cancer
• Peyronie’s disease
• Hypospadias
• Epispadias
• Traumatic penile injury
• Birth defects of the penis

It is important to note that penile reconstruction surgery is a complex procedure with risks and potential complications. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of surgery with a qualified surgeon before making a decision.

Here are some additional factors that may be considered when determining whether someone is a suitable candidate for penile reconstruction:

• Age: Penile reconstruction surgery can be performed on men of all ages, but it is generally recommended that patients be at least 18 years old.
• Medical history: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, may increase the risk of complications from surgery.
• Lifestyle: Patients who smoke or use drugs are at increased risk of complications from surgery.
• Psychological state: Penile reconstruction surgery can be a significant life change, so it is important that patients are mentally prepared for the surgery and its aftermath.

Suitability for penile reconstruction, including phalloplasty or metoidioplasty, is determined on an individual basis and involves careful evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers. Suitable candidates for penile reconstruction typically include individuals who:

1. Have Gender Dysphoria: Candidates should experience gender dysphoria related to their assigned sex at birth and their existing genitalia. Gender dysphoria is the distress or discomfort resulting from the incongruence between one’s gender identity and physical characteristics.
2. Are of Appropriate Age: The timing of penile reconstruction may vary, but candidates are typically adults who have reached an age at which they can provide informed consent. Age requirements may vary depending on local regulations and healthcare provider policies.
3. Have Stabilized Mental Health: Candidates should have stable mental health and be able to make informed decisions about surgery. Mental health assessments are often part of the evaluation process to ensure that candidates are emotionally prepared for the surgical journey.
4. Have Realistic Expectations: Candidates should have realistic expectations about the outcomes of penile reconstruction, including potential limitations and complications. Open and honest communication with healthcare providers is crucial to establish realistic goals.
5. Have Good General Health: Candidates should be in overall good health, as surgeries like phalloplasty or metoidioplasty are major procedures that require general anesthesia. Candidates with certain medical conditions may need additional evaluation and clearance from relevant specialists.
6. Have Adequate Social Support: A strong support system, including family and friends, can be important for emotional well-being during the surgical process and recovery.
7. Have Engaged in Gender-Affirming Care: Many individuals undergo hormone therapy and receive counseling or therapy as part of their gender-affirming care before considering penile reconstruction. This holistic approach helps ensure that candidates are well-prepared for surgery and its potential impact on their lives.
8. Understand the Surgical Process: Candidates should have a clear understanding of the surgical process, including the potential stages and postoperative care involved. This understanding allows individuals to make informed decisions about their care.