Can radiation therapy for cancer affect erectile function?

Yes, radiation therapy for cancer can affect erectile function. Radiation therapy is a treatment method used to target and destroy cancer cells in specific areas of the body, including the pelvis. Depending on the type of cancer being treated and the location of the radiation, erectile dysfunction (ED) can be a potential side effect of radiation therapy. Here’s how radiation therapy can impact erectile function:

1. Damage to Blood Vessels and Nerves: Radiation therapy can affect the blood vessels and nerves in the pelvic region, which are essential for achieving and maintaining erections. The radiation can damage these structures, leading to reduced blood flow to the penis and disruptions in nerve signaling that are necessary for normal erectile function.

2. Fibrosis and Scarring: Radiation therapy can lead to fibrosis and scarring of tissues in the treated area. This can affect the elasticity and function of the penile tissues, making it more difficult to achieve and sustain an erection.

3. Hormonal Changes: Radiation therapy can impact hormone levels, including testosterone. Reduced testosterone levels can contribute to ED.

4. Psychological Factors: Cancer treatment, including radiation therapy, can lead to psychological stress, anxiety, and concerns about sexual function. These psychological factors can contribute to ED.

5. Delayed Onset: ED resulting from radiation therapy might not become apparent immediately after treatment. It can develop gradually over time as the effects of the radiation on the blood vessels, nerves, and tissues become more pronounced.